Recently, the national social welfare system, we look at some countries, what is the social welfare.
one, France: race 1 € 400 hectares of farmland subsidies, social welfare spending-GDP 34.9%
in France, citizens from birth to death by 400 kinds of welfare protection. France is characterized by social welfare, regardless of nationality, as long as legal residency status in France, you can enjoy. the author while studying in France, still enjoy their housing subsidies and childcare subsidies.
France enjoys universal health insurance, according to personal income, citizens pay only a few hundred euros per year health care costs, roughly a week's minimum wage, the unemployed are exempt from this fee. If only one working family, spouse and children can be included their own insurance, pay the same. the patient see a doctor once every pay only 1 euro registration fee, all other costs of the insurance account in their allocation from the social security institutions.
in France, each of 1 ha of farmland subsidies to farmers 400 euros (1 euro or about 8.9 yuan), raise an animal for every 300 euros subsidies, subsidies for agricultural production standards require compliance with environmental protection.
of non-working or low-income families, according to family size to € 405.62 monthly € 851.81 minimum living allowance, if there are more than two children, each additional child, plus € 162.25 a month.
child in the womb from the first 5 months to play at least 3 years old, if the parental income below a certain standard, each child will receive € 156.31 per month child care subsidies. If the parents care for their children to stop working or reduce work hours, the monthly € 320.67 to € 484.97 in child care subsidies.
If hiring a nanny look after children aged less than 6, and income below a certain standard, every child can enjoy the 65.46 euros per month to 199.78 euros in subsidies. If the family has two children, a monthly allowance € 108.86 for each additional child increased 139.47 euros. child reaches age 11, then an additional € 30.62 per month subsidy, then an additional 16 years old € 54.43 per month. this assistance until the child find a job so far.
the French national education free of charge all the way from primary school to university, if family income below a certain standard, the child may receive each semester 249.07 euros subsidy. from junior high school to university, students receive each semester to 3,456 euros 54.9 euros of grants.
disabled under the disability, the monthly € 109.40 to € 1,025.72 available subsidies.
French cities below a certain standard of income to provide free bus service in some cities, is to provide free bus service for all, or to provide free bikes.
II United States: the poor pay for health care the government, social welfare expenditure as a percentage GDP, 21%
a Chinese in California have lost their jobs during this economic crisis, but he was not alarmed, because he can get a year of unemployment , and then apply for government benefits, benefits $ 1,600 per month (1 U.S. dollar equals 6.7 yuan), the mortgage could not pay, it does not matter, but also by the government free grants, still had a very decent life.
Research data show that in 1995, Hawaii, a mother of two children received $ 36,000 annual salary equivalent to the welfare of workers.
American elementary school to high school education free, university education is mainly funded by the government burden, the burden is only a small part of the students. Community college tuition less than $ 1,500 a year, about average annual income of employees in the United States, 1 / 30. To ensure that conditions are ripe and are willing to study child to college, poor families, the government provides various forms of assistance.
the United States have a special medical services for the poor medical assistance (Medicaid) system, can not afford health insurance to low-income families to provide quality health care, all expenses paid by the Government. medical assistance budget accounts for 22% of state GDP, of which the federal Government subsidies 57%.
2008, the United States a total of 4900 people enjoy medical assistance, the federal government spending part of 2040 billion U.S. dollars. because of the economic crisis, the United States, many lower income families to enjoy the dramatic increase in the number of medical assistance In 2009 The United States, 9 states the number of access to medical assistance to the state's total population 9%.
2010 年 3 23, the president signed the bill that would lower standards of medical aid to the poverty line of 133% (2009 , the U.S. poverty line in most states: an annual income of $ 10,830 house, a family of two income of $ 14,570, a family of three $ 18,310 annual income), so there will be more people into the medical assistance system.
The focus is on the U.S. health care system, for any life-threatening illness, regardless of money or not, the first doctor, then pay. you have the money, then you own pocket or by insurance companies to pay; you are poor to foot the bill by the government , even for food by the government out of the hospital.
three, UK: Refugees also enjoy high welfare, social welfare spending-GDP 25.9%
British introduced universal free medical care. I have a friend in the UK to have children, discharged from the hospital to not have to spend a pound, and meals by the government foot the bill, was discharged, the Government bought the stroller back.
UK university level education were previously free, college students also receive 90% of government subsidies . Therefore, low-income families, from kindergarten to university education is free all the way.
British social welfare to cover all the people who live in the UK. I interviewed a refugee in the UK, he is enjoying in the UK comfortable social housing, living area about 80 square meters (shared with another person), washing machines, refrigerators, gas stoves, television sets and other appliances everything, what household items you want, say a few words with the Welfare Officer will also receive free, sheets, blankets, wash them free of charge. British government to issue him a week living expenses in the first week is over 90 pounds (about 10.5 yuan per £ 1), from the second week, the weekly £ 35. He still enjoy the same with the British National the standard free medical care, he will not English, see a doctor hired by the government to pay for his translation.
four, Germany: buy Child support payments down to enjoy life, the first and second children to € 184 per month, the third child 190 euros per month, starting from the fourth child, a monthly 215 euros, the money has been received 25 years of age or have a fixed income so far.
for needy families, social welfare almost all arranged, to receive the benefits only br> German to washing machines, television sets, stoves are purchased by the Social Welfare payments. In addition, they also receive 350 euros a month's rent subsidies, € 385 cost of living.
Hesse One Mr. Vladimir living on welfare, receive a monthly 350 euros from Social Welfare, the pension benefits and 112 euros, Social Welfare, while also paying for his living area of 100 square meters of housing rent. Mr. Vladimir by taking due stimulation drugs to live a normal sex life, the Government must also pay for his purchase of an annual > In Canada, if no source of income, receive a monthly 500-700 a single Canadian dollars (1 Canadian dollar about 6.6 yuan) of living allowance, a family of three monthly 1100-1300 Canadian dollar's living allowance If no work has been, the money could have been brought down, until death. any citizen over the age of 65 whether or not the work or work past the length of time, may apply for a federal pension.
low-income families, the Government low-cost gold housing, guaranteed a room to live. rent is not received in accordance with the size of the house, but in accordance with the wage income received, basically with 25% -30% of wages will be able to live in spacious and comfortable house.
low income if their parents on certain standards, children under 18 years of age can receive a monthly increase of 100 yuan to 200 yuan more milk payment. Canadian education from primary to high school (12m13), the fee is not collected a penny, the University and some community colleges is free, pre-school education, although not free, but children of low-income families, according to family income by the government to pay some or all of the education costs.
six, Sweden: The husband of 9 months of full pay maternity leave, social welfare spending-GDP 38.2%
Sweden in 1847 adopted the can not be achieved or have been violated may apply to the High Court or the local public insurance, public insurance courts.
in Sweden, his wife have children, her husband also followed 9 months off with full pay age of 16 years ago, parents will be eligible for living allowances; over 16 years of age, completed 9 years of compulsory education, young people, such as the university is to continue to receive education allowance, so that universities and almost free.
personal doctor in Sweden Cut only 60 SEK (1 SEK about 1 yuan) The registration fee, all other costs by the government foot the bill.
Sweden's unemployment insurance divided into two parts, namely, the basic unemployment insurance and voluntary unemployment insurance. all 20 years old more than the unemployed, will receive SEK 320 per day basic unemployment insurance.
In addition, unemployment insurance, workers voluntarily participate in the national unemployment fund of 36, if unemployed, in the first 200 days, you can get past 12 months, 80% of the average wage, the first 201 days to 300 days (children under age 18 is 450 days) was reduced to 70% during the period, over this period by the work of development of the insurance payment.
2006, the country has 90% of the workers joined the unemployment fund, 553,000 unemployed people by the Fund, received 54 069 SEK per person. Unemployment Fund is financed mainly by the government, membership fees fund only 9.4%.
seven, Norway : sick leave with full pay, social welfare, GDP, 33.2%
Norway to implement universal free medical care, there is no difference between all citizens enjoy a high quality medical services, sick pay and regular wages during a cent is not bad. < br> 42 weeks of maternity leave with full pay, the production is 3 weeks before the statutory maternity leave. the mother's husband enjoy 4 weeks with full pay universal free education, less than 2 years old baby nursery if they do not, you can get the maximum of NOK 3000 per month (1 NOK about 1.1 yuan) in cash subsidies.
eight, Denmark: universal free education, free medical care, social welfare spending-GDP 37.9%
Denmark's social welfare to cover all the people who live in Denmark, regardless of nationality, as long as the Danish territory, to enjoy their various benefits.
Denmark to implement universal free medical care, doctor, hospital do not spend a single cent, even pay for hospital meals by the government. ward everything all the living facilities, hospital patients can go empty-handed.
Denmark all the way from primary to university for free, students choose the nearest school, if you choose private schools , then the Government in accordance with the standard of public education as part of tuition reimbursement.
children from birth to 18 years of milk costs are also paid by the Government. pre-school children are low-income families by the government foot the bill, students can also get a monthly living allowance .
unemployed after 4 years of unemployment, the unemployed can receive the equivalent of 90% unemployment before the wage payment. If can not find a job 4 years, then receive about 14,000 yuan per month in unemployment benefits.
Nine, Australia: Australian cap low-income consumers in 2.6, social welfare, GDP, 22.5%
today's welfare system in Australia established in 1910, covering all the citizens.
to all citizens of Australia free medical care, to the pharmacy if their family income is less than 24,000 Australian dollars (about 6.6 yuan 1 Australian) citizens need only pay the pharmacy 2.6 Australian dollars, the balance no matter how much, by the Government to foot the bill. pregnant women during childbirth , get the maternity leave pay 950 Australian dollars to help purchase supplies for the newborn.
If the unemployed of working age, 1.5 million Australian dollars a year to get unemployment benefits. female citizens from the 60-year-old, male citizens from 65 age, regardless of how past work experience, if personal income or assets below a certain standard, can receive a government pension.
Australia has 12 years of free education before the age of 18 students can enjoy learning subsidies. Students can the Government's interest-free loan.
ten, Japan: no profit hospitals, social welfare spending-GDP 18.6%
Japan early in the 20th century, 20 years passed a number of social welfare bills, basically the European model .
Japan's health care system covers all citizens, all hospitals in Japan must be a non-profit in nature. Every citizen must have a medical insurance, the amount of insurance premiums based on individual or household income circumstances.
in accordance with the existing health insurance system, persons under the age of 69, self-pay medical expenses required for medical expenses accounted for 30% of people 70 to 74 years pay 20% of people over 75 years of age pay 10%.
order disease to achieve early detection, early treatment, the Japanese citizens over 40 years of age to prevent the implementation of free diagnosis, treatment and health checks.
Japanese local governments to provide social housing for low-income families, and if more people apply for welfare housing for fairness, then allocated by drawing lots. rents set according to income, high income, rent to higher income and even low-rent to be lower is free. government welfare housing rent once every two years, according to income changes decided to raise or lower the rent.
kindergarten to junior high school in Japan the introduction of free education, low-income families (annual income of about 25 million yuan) of the infants in the nursery free of charge, for each child under the age of 18 increases by about combined 25,000 yuan of personal income tax allowance, the local government to the payment of less than 9 years of age childcare allowance.
XI Africa: many countries have achieved free education and free medical care in many countries in Africa achieved
free education and free medical care, Kenya and other countries also provided free of charge to all primary and secondary school lunch, free accommodation.
the South African government requires that all public hospitals free of charge for the poor, the elderly, orphans, the weak residual providing free medical care, the Ministry of Health unified billing costs.
Egypt does not provide medical insurance free medical care, unemployed people can be free in public hospitals for treatment, every three to four villages in rural areas has a medical center, farmers free medical treatment in the medical center.
Ethiopia is the world's poorest 10 countries, but they would have done all the way from primary to university for free, even the materials provided free by the government. student university, room and board by the government, graduated from university, year and a half after working 10 years to pay off the government > Ethiopia also free medical care to the poor, with a fee (about 750 yuan).
XII Latin America: Social Welfare
cover all the poor countries of Latin America's social welfare system 80 years in the last century was greater adjustment to cover all social welfare poor. Latin American countries being composed of three parts: workers and employers to pay social insurance, social assistance Government of the burden of the poor, labor protection and welfare regulations.
Latin American social welfare system is characterized by: the monetary conditions transfer payments to families in need of help to give a direct cash; positioning households in the prices of the standard of living of citizens does not fall in all household subsidies; of extremely poor people to give full relief package.
Social welfare is to those most in need, that is, to the poor, the aim is to make up for the first time the income gap, so that all citizens live in dignity and promote social harmony.
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